Belgium vs Malaysia: Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over time
- Belgium
- Malaysia
How they compare
Malaysia currently reports 1,409 Scientific publications against 1,313 Scientific publications in Belgium, a difference of 96 Scientific publications.
That makes Malaysia's figure about 1.1 times Belgium's.
The two have swapped places 1 time across 10 shared years of data; in 2015 it was Belgium ahead.
Belgium ranks 21st and Malaysia ranks 18th of 48 countries.
Belgium has averaged higher in every one of the 2 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Belgium | Malaysia | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 1,185 Scientific publications | 812.94 Scientific publications | 371.62 Scientific publications | Belgium |
| 2020s | 1,284 Scientific publications | 1,138 Scientific publications | 146.12 Scientific publications | Belgium |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs), Belgium or Malaysia?
- Malaysia, at 1,409 Scientific publications against 1,313 Scientific publications in Belgium as of 2024.
- What is the difference in bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) between Belgium and Malaysia?
- 96 Scientific publications, with Malaysia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Belgium and Malaysia?
- 10 years are reported by both, from 2015 to 2024.
- How do Belgium and Malaysia rank globally for bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs)?
- Belgium ranks 21st and Malaysia ranks 18th of 48 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — Fractional counts of scientific publications. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
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About this data
This dataset presents trends in the total number of scientific publications relevant to societal goals, as proxied by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, expressed in fractional counts, for the 2015–2024 period. Coverage includes OECD member and accession countries, key partners (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa), and other selected non-OECD economies. This is an experimental indicator, developed under the OECD’s Fundstat initiative to improve evidence on the directionality and societal relevance of research and development (R&D) activities, by linking scientific output to 17 SDGs or none. To produce this indicator, the OECD developed a probabilistic AI-assisted classification model that identifies the SDG relevance of scientific publications based on their titles and abstracts. The approach builds on insights from the OECD International Survey of Science (ISSA2021), in which researchers reported which SDG their research contributed to. Using these responses, a labelled dataset was created to fine-tune SciBERT, a large language model (LLM) pre-trained on scientific literature, enabling it to predict the probability of relevance of a given text to each of the 17 SDGs, or to none. The trained classifier is then applied to publication titles and abstracts from the Scopus Custom Data. Publication counts are fractionalised across countries and aggregated annually for comparability. For further information on the methodology, see: Aristodemou, L., et al. (2025), “Assessing the direction of R&D funding towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a new classifier and the OECD Fundstat infrastructure”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers. Source: OECD Bibliometric Indicators, calculations based on Elsevier's Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, Version 1.2026. Please cite as: OECD (2026), OECD Bibliometric indicators, OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Statistics, http://oe.cd/scientometrics, accessed on xx/xx/xxxx.