Goods and services expense in Lower middle income

Lower middle income: Goods and services expense was 16.0% in 2021. ▼ Falling

Latest (2021)
16.0%
Change on year
up 1.2%
Rank
18th
of 39 groups
All-time high
20.6%
in 2014
All-time low
15.0%
in 2010
Years of data
14
2004–2021

Goods and services expense in Lower middle income, 2004–2021

051015202004201220212004: 17 % of expense2009: 17.7 % of expense2010: 15 % of expense2011: 17.5 % of expense2012: 18.5 % of expense2013: 17.9 % of expense2014: 20.6 % of expense2015: 19.4 % of expense2016: 19.1 % of expense2017: 17.6 % of expense2018: 15.9 % of expense2019: 16.3 % of expense2020: 15.8 % of expense2021: 16 % of expense

Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of expense.

Analysis

Lower middle income recorded 16.0% for goods and services expense in 2021.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 1.2% on the previous year and down 8.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, goods and services expense in Lower middle income peaked at 20.6% in 2014 and was at its lowest, 15.0%, in 2010.

Lower middle income ranks 18th of 39 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 14 years of available data.

Goods and services expense in Lower middle income, year by year

Annual values for Goods and services expense (% of expense) in Lower middle income, 2004 to 2021.
Year % of expense Change
2004 17.0%
2009 17.7% +3.9%
2010 15.0% -15.3%
2011 17.5% +16.7%
2012 18.5% +5.9%
2013 17.9% -3.3%
2014 20.6% +15.2%
2015 19.4% -5.9%
2016 19.1% -1.4%
2017 17.6% -7.9%
2018 15.9% -9.8%
2019 16.3% +2.7%
2020 15.8% -3.3%
2021 16.0% +1.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 17.4% 17.0% 17.7% 2
2010s 17.8% 15.0% 20.6% 10
2020s 15.9% 15.8% 16.0% 2

Countries ranked near Lower middle income

  1. 15 Angola 29.4% compare
  2. 16 United Arab Emirates 28.9% compare
  3. 17 Botswana 28.4% compare
  4. 18 Saint Kitts and Nevis 28.3% compare
  5. 19 Timor-Leste 28.3% compare
  6. 20 Seychelles 27.9% compare
  7. 21 Singapore 27.9% compare

See the full ranking of 195 places →

More public sector data for Lower middle income

All data for Lower middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is goods and services expense in Lower middle income?
Goods and services expense in Lower middle income was 16.0% in 2021, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
What is the highest goods and services expense recorded in Lower middle income?
The highest recorded value was 20.6% in 2014.
What is the lowest goods and services expense recorded in Lower middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 15.0% in 2010.
How does Lower middle income rank for goods and services expense?
Lower middle income ranks 18th out of 39 groups with data for 2021.
Is goods and services expense rising or falling in Lower middle income?
Over the last ten years it is down 8.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Goods and services expense (% of expense). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Goods and services expense in Lower middle income. Statizoid, drawing on Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Retrieved 30 August 2026, from https://public-sector.statizoid.com/stat/goods-and-services-expense-percent-of-expense/lower-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Goods and services expense (% of expense)
Unit
% of expense
Source
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
195 places, 5,247 data points, 1972–2024
Last refreshed

Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Use of goods and services for own account capital formation is excluded. This indicator is expressed as percentage of total expenses which is any decrease in net worth resulting from a transaction.