Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend
Early-demographic dividend: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) was -3.6% in 2022. ▼ Falling
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend, 1990–2022
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2022, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend stood at -3.6%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 142.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend peaked at -1.0% in 1995 and was at its lowest, -4.2%, in 2009.
That places Early-demographic dividend 8th out of 24 groups with data for 2022, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 20 years of available data.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | -2.5% | — |
| 1991 | -1.6% | -36.0% |
| 1992 | -1.7% | +10.4% |
| 1993 | -2.1% | +23.0% |
| 1994 | -1.3% | -40.8% |
| 1995 | -1.0% | -18.6% |
| 1996 | -1.5% | +48.1% |
| 1997 | -2.0% | +31.7% |
| 1998 | -2.9% | +42.5% |
| 2009 | -4.2% | +45.3% |
| 2010 | -2.7% | -35.9% |
| 2011 | -1.4% | -46.8% |
| 2012 | -1.5% | +4.8% |
| 2013 | -2.2% | +48.8% |
| 2014 | -2.9% | +31.0% |
| 2015 | -3.8% | +32.8% |
| 2016 | -3.3% | -13.4% |
| 2017 | -3.2% | -3.8% |
| 2018 | -3.0% | -6.4% |
| 2022 | -3.6% | +20.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -1.8% | -2.9% | -1.0% | 9 |
| 2000s | -4.2% | -4.2% | -4.2% | 1 |
| 2010s | -2.7% | -3.8% | -1.4% | 9 |
| 2020s | -3.6% | -3.6% | -3.6% | 1 |
Countries ranked near Early-demographic dividend
- 5 Seychelles 7.2% compare
- 6 Macao 7.0% compare
- 7 Micronesia (country) 6.9% compare
- 8 Tonga 5.3% compare
- 9 Marshall Islands 5.0% compare
- 10 Ireland 4.4% compare
- 11 Samoa 4.4% compare
More public sector data for Early-demographic dividend
- Arms imports 5.98 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per capita 1.68 SIPRI trend indicator values per person (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per unit of GDP 0.0004 SIPRI trend indicator values per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), annual growth rate -38.5 % change on previous year (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), gaps filled 5.98 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per capita 97.77 current USD per person (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per unit of GDP 0.0222 current USD per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), annual growth rate 12.98 % change on previous year (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), gaps filled 347.32 billion current USD (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per square kilometre 291.7 SIPRI trend indicator values per square kilometre (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Early-demographic dividend was -3.6% in 2022, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Early-demographic dividend?
- The highest recorded value was -1.0% in 1995.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Early-demographic dividend?
- The lowest recorded value was -4.2% in 2009.
- How does Early-demographic dividend rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Early-demographic dividend ranks 8th out of 24 groups with data for 2022.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Early-demographic dividend?
- Over the last ten years it is down 142.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Early-demographic dividend data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.