Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland

Poland: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) was -4.5% in 2023. ▬ Flat

Latest (2023)
-4.5%
Change on year
down 51.1%
World rank
120th
of 156 countries
All-time high
0.1%
in 2018
All-time low
-7.0%
in 2020
Years of data
30
1994–2023

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland, 1994–2023

-8-6-4-201994200820231994: -1.9 % of GDP1995: -2 % of GDP1996: -2.9 % of GDP1997: -3 % of GDP1998: -2.8 % of GDP1999: -1.5 % of GDP2000: -3.6 % of GDP2001: -4.6 % of GDP2002: -4.5 % of GDP2003: -5.7 % of GDP2004: -5.1 % of GDP2005: -3.8 % of GDP2006: -3.3 % of GDP2007: -1.9 % of GDP2008: -3.4 % of GDP2009: -6.2 % of GDP2010: -6.1 % of GDP2011: -4.1 % of GDP2012: -3.4 % of GDP2013: -4 % of GDP2014: -3.4 % of GDP2015: -2.5 % of GDP2016: -2.7 % of GDP2017: -1.6 % of GDP2018: 0.071 % of GDP2019: -0.526 % of GDP2020: -7 % of GDP2021: -2.3 % of GDP2022: -3 % of GDP2023: -4.5 % of GDP

Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.

Analysis

In 2023, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland stood at -4.5%.

That represents a change of down 51.1% on the previous year and down 12.9% over ten years.

Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland peaked at 0.1% in 2018 and was at its lowest, -7.0%, in 2020.

Poland ranks 120th of 156 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland, year by year

Annual values for Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Poland, 1994 to 2023.
Year % of GDP Change
1994 -1.9%
1995 -2.0% +2.7%
1996 -2.9% +43.6%
1997 -3.0% +4.8%
1998 -2.8% -5.1%
1999 -1.5% -48.9%
2000 -3.6% +148.1%
2001 -4.6% +28.7%
2002 -4.5% -3.0%
2003 -5.7% +25.8%
2004 -5.1% -9.3%
2005 -3.8% -26.0%
2006 -3.3% -14.3%
2007 -1.9% -42.6%
2008 -3.4% +81.4%
2009 -6.2% +81.2%
2010 -6.1% -0.2%
2011 -4.1% -33.1%
2012 -3.4% -16.4%
2013 -4.0% +17.0%
2014 -3.4% -16.3%
2015 -2.5% -24.8%
2016 -2.7% +4.7%
2017 -1.6% -40.2%
2018 0.1% -104.5%
2019 -0.5% -839.3%
2020 -7.0% +1237.0%
2021 -2.3% -67.2%
2022 -3.0% +30.5%
2023 -4.5% +51.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -2.3% -3.0% -1.5% 6
2000s -4.2% -6.2% -1.9% 10
2010s -2.8% -6.1% 0.1% 10
2020s -4.2% -7.0% -2.3% 4

Countries ranked near Poland

  1. 117 Morocco -4.4% compare
  2. 118 Hungary -4.5% compare
  3. 119 Honduras -4.5% compare
  4. 121 Eswatini -4.6% compare
  5. 122 Colombia -4.6% compare
  6. 123 Jordan -4.7% compare

See the full ranking of 182 places →

More public sector data for Poland

All data for Poland →

Frequently asked questions

What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland?
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland was -4.5% in 2023, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Poland?
The highest recorded value was 0.1% in 2018.
What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Poland?
The lowest recorded value was -7.0% in 2020.
How does Poland rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
Poland ranks 120th out of 156 countries with data for 2023.
Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Poland?
Over the last ten years it is down 12.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
Where does this Poland data come from?
The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland. Statizoid, drawing on Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Retrieved 22 August 2026, from https://public-sector.statizoid.com/stat/net-lending-net-borrowing-percent-of-gdp/poland/

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About this data

Indicator
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
Unit
% of GDP
Source
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
182 places, 5,229 data points, 1972–2024
Last refreshed

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.