Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Poland
Poland: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) was -6.9% in 2024. ▼ Falling
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland, 1994–2024
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2024, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland stood at -6.9%.
That represents a change of down 53.5% on the previous year and down 103.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland peaked at 0.1% in 2018 and was at its lowest, -7.0%, in 2020.
Poland ranks 139th of 156 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 31 years of available data.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Poland, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1994 | -1.9% | — |
| 1995 | -2.0% | +2.7% |
| 1996 | -2.9% | +43.6% |
| 1997 | -3.0% | +4.8% |
| 1998 | -2.8% | -5.1% |
| 1999 | -1.5% | -48.9% |
| 2000 | -3.6% | +148.1% |
| 2001 | -4.6% | +28.7% |
| 2002 | -4.5% | -3.0% |
| 2003 | -5.7% | +25.8% |
| 2004 | -5.1% | -9.3% |
| 2005 | -3.8% | -26.0% |
| 2006 | -3.3% | -14.3% |
| 2007 | -1.9% | -42.6% |
| 2008 | -3.4% | +81.4% |
| 2009 | -6.2% | +81.2% |
| 2010 | -6.1% | -0.2% |
| 2011 | -4.1% | -33.1% |
| 2012 | -3.4% | -16.4% |
| 2013 | -4.0% | +17.0% |
| 2014 | -3.4% | -16.3% |
| 2015 | -2.5% | -24.8% |
| 2016 | -2.7% | +4.7% |
| 2017 | -1.6% | -40.2% |
| 2018 | 0.1% | -104.5% |
| 2019 | -0.5% | -839.3% |
| 2020 | -7.0% | +1237.0% |
| 2021 | -2.2% | -68.2% |
| 2022 | -2.9% | +31.7% |
| 2023 | -4.5% | +51.9% |
| 2024 | -6.9% | +53.5% |
Poland compared with similar countries
- Poland's -6.9% is below the median for high income countries, which is -1.8%, 3.8× the median. (57 countries reporting)
- Poland's -6.9% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -1.5%, 4.7× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Poland changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -1237.0% | -0.5% | -7.0% |
| 2019 | -839.3% | 0.1% | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -2.3% | -3.0% | -1.5% | 6 |
| 2000s | -4.2% | -6.2% | -1.9% | 10 |
| 2010s | -2.8% | -6.1% | 0.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | -4.7% | -7.0% | -2.2% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Poland
- 136 Nepal -5.9% compare
- 137 Mexico -5.9% compare
- 138 Togo -6.2% compare
- 140 United Kingdom -6.9% compare
- 141 United States -7.2% compare
- 142 Guinea-Bissau -8.0% compare
More public sector data for Poland
- Democracy, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Elected parliament, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote in practice, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Arms imports 2.17 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2025)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per capita 39.61 SIPRI trend indicator values per person (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per unit of GDP 0.0016 SIPRI trend indicator values per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), annual growth rate 8.55 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Poland was -6.9% in 2024, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Poland?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1% in 2018.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Poland?
- The lowest recorded value was -7.0% in 2020.
- How does Poland rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Poland ranks 139th out of 156 countries with data for 2024.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Poland?
- Over the last ten years it is down 103.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Poland data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.