Bibliometric indicators: Fractional counts of scientific publications in Germany
Germany: Bibliometric indicators: Fractional counts of scientific publications was 9,839 Scientific publications in 2024. ▲ Rising
Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Germany, 2015–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Scientific publications.
Analysis
In 2024, bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in Germany stood at 9,839 Scientific publications.
That represents a change of up 0.6% on the previous year and up 17.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in Germany peaked at 10,151 Scientific publications in 2021 and was at its lowest, 8,360 Scientific publications, in 2015.
Germany ranks 4th of 48 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
Bibliometric indicators: Fractional counts of scientific publications in Germany, year by year
| Year | Scientific publications | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 8,360 Scientific publications | — |
| 2016 | 8,608 Scientific publications | +3.0% |
| 2017 | 8,731 Scientific publications | +1.4% |
| 2018 | 9,039 Scientific publications | +3.5% |
| 2019 | 9,177 Scientific publications | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 9,442 Scientific publications | +2.9% |
| 2021 | 10,151 Scientific publications | +7.5% |
| 2022 | 9,830 Scientific publications | -3.2% |
| 2023 | 9,780 Scientific publications | -0.5% |
| 2024 | 9,839 Scientific publications | +0.6% |
Germany compared with similar countries
- Germany's 9,839 Scientific publications is above the median for high income countries, which is 1,128 Scientific publications, 8.7× the median. (33 countries reporting)
- Germany's 9,839 Scientific publications is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 1,040 Scientific publications, 9.5× the median. (24 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 8,783 Scientific publications | 8,360 Scientific publications | 9,177 Scientific publications | 5 |
| 2020s | 9,809 Scientific publications | 9,442 Scientific publications | 10,151 Scientific publications | 5 |
Countries ranked near Germany
- 1 United States 36,544 Scientific publications compare
- 1 OECD 118,504 Scientific publications compare
- 2 United Kingdom 8,547 Scientific publications compare
- 2 China 63,005 Scientific publications compare
- 3 India 15,616 Scientific publications compare
- 3 Viet Nam 857.17 Scientific publications compare
- 4 Netherlands 2,639 Scientific publications compare
- 5 Italy 6,756 Scientific publications compare
- 5 Türkiye 2,460 Scientific publications compare
- 6 Japan 6,105 Scientific publications compare
- 6 Poland 2,292 Scientific publications compare
- 7 France 5,870 Scientific publications compare
More public sector data for Germany
- Democracy, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Elected parliament, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote in practice, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Democracy 7 (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected 1 (2025)
- Elected parliament 1 (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote 1 (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in Germany?
- Bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in Germany was 9,839 Scientific publications in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 10,151 Scientific publications in 2021.
- What is the lowest bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 8,360 Scientific publications in 2015.
- How does Germany rank for bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs)?
- Germany ranks 4th out of 48 countries with data for 2024.
- Is bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 17.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — Fractional counts of scientific publications. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 10 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset presents trends in the total number of scientific publications relevant to societal goals, as proxied by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, expressed in fractional counts, for the 2015–2024 period. Coverage includes OECD member and accession countries, key partners (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa), and other selected non-OECD economies. This is an experimental indicator, developed under the OECD’s Fundstat initiative to improve evidence on the directionality and societal relevance of research and development (R&D) activities, by linking scientific output to 17 SDGs or none. To produce this indicator, the OECD developed a probabilistic AI-assisted classification model that identifies the SDG relevance of scientific publications based on their titles and abstracts. The approach builds on insights from the OECD International Survey of Science (ISSA2021), in which researchers reported which SDG their research contributed to. Using these responses, a labelled dataset was created to fine-tune SciBERT, a large language model (LLM) pre-trained on scientific literature, enabling it to predict the probability of relevance of a given text to each of the 17 SDGs, or to none. The trained classifier is then applied to publication titles and abstracts from the Scopus Custom Data. Publication counts are fractionalised across countries and aggregated annually for comparability. For further information on the methodology, see: Aristodemou, L., et al. (2025), “Assessing the direction of R&D funding towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a new classifier and the OECD Fundstat infrastructure”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers. Source: OECD Bibliometric Indicators, calculations based on Elsevier's Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, Version 1.2026. Please cite as: OECD (2026), OECD Bibliometric indicators, OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Statistics, http://oe.cd/scientometrics, accessed on xx/xx/xxxx.