Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia
Estonia: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) was -527.80 million current LCU in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia, 1991–2024
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in current LCU.
Analysis
In 2024, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia stood at -527.80 million current LCU.
That represents a change of up 36.6% on the previous year and down 365.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia peaked at 519.80 million current LCU in 2007 and was at its lowest, -1.49 billion current LCU, in 2020.
That places Estonia 54th out of 156 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia, year by year
| Year | current LCU | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 3.73 million current LCU | — |
| 1995 | 32.00 million current LCU | +758.8% |
| 1996 | 4.40 million current LCU | -86.2% |
| 1997 | 95.90 million current LCU | +2079.5% |
| 1998 | -30.90 million current LCU | -132.2% |
| 1999 | -164.70 million current LCU | +433.0% |
| 2000 | 14.10 million current LCU | -108.6% |
| 2001 | 46.60 million current LCU | +230.5% |
| 2002 | 75.30 million current LCU | +61.6% |
| 2003 | 184.30 million current LCU | +144.8% |
| 2004 | 298.20 million current LCU | +61.8% |
| 2005 | 166.20 million current LCU | -44.3% |
| 2006 | 416.20 million current LCU | +150.4% |
| 2007 | 519.80 million current LCU | +24.9% |
| 2008 | -336.60 million current LCU | -164.8% |
| 2009 | -316.50 million current LCU | -6.0% |
| 2010 | -89.90 million current LCU | -71.6% |
| 2011 | 88.10 million current LCU | -198.0% |
| 2012 | -22.30 million current LCU | -125.3% |
| 2013 | 52.40 million current LCU | -335.0% |
| 2014 | 198.60 million current LCU | +279.0% |
| 2015 | 25.20 million current LCU | -87.3% |
| 2016 | -40.30 million current LCU | -259.9% |
| 2017 | -55.90 million current LCU | +38.7% |
| 2018 | -201.00 million current LCU | +259.6% |
| 2019 | 55.90 million current LCU | -127.8% |
| 2020 | -1.49 billion current LCU | -2770.7% |
| 2021 | -677.20 million current LCU | -54.6% |
| 2022 | -234.60 million current LCU | -65.4% |
| 2023 | -832.30 million current LCU | +254.8% |
| 2024 | -527.80 million current LCU | -36.6% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -527.80 million current LCU is above the median for high income countries, which is -2.76 billion current LCU, 19% of the median. (57 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -527.80 million current LCU is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -6.97 billion current LCU, 8% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -2770.7% | 55.90 million current LCU | -1.49 billion current LCU |
| 1997 | +2079.5% | 4.40 million current LCU | 95.90 million current LCU |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -9.93 million current LCU | -164.70 million current LCU | 95.90 million current LCU | 6 |
| 2000s | 106.76 million current LCU | -336.60 million current LCU | 519.80 million current LCU | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.08 million current LCU | -201.00 million current LCU | 198.60 million current LCU | 10 |
| 2020s | -752.96 million current LCU | -1.49 billion current LCU | -234.60 million current LCU | 5 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 51 Slovenia -397.61 million current LCU compare
- 52 Kuwait -441.00 million current LCU compare
- 53 Barbados -471.26 million current LCU compare
- 55 El Salvador -718.10 million current LCU compare
- 56 Latvia -798.05 million current LCU compare
- 57 Bosnia and Herzegovina -804.04 million current LCU compare
More public sector data for Estonia
- Democracy, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Elected parliament, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote in practice, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Democracy 7 (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected 1 (2025)
- Elected parliament 1 (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote 1 (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Estonia was -527.80 million current LCU in 2024, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 519.80 million current LCU in 2007.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.49 billion current LCU in 2020.
- How does Estonia rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Estonia ranks 54th out of 156 countries with data for 2024.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 365.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (current LCU). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This series is expressed in local currency units.