Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (current LCU) by country
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting...
Countries reporting
153
Highest
27.56 trillion current LCU
Lebanon
Lowest
-88.61 trillion current LCU
Indonesia
Median
-15.25 billion current LCU
Years covered
53
1972–2024
Data points
4,460
What the numbers show
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (current LCU) is currently reported for 153 countries. The highest value is 27.56 trillion current LCU in Lebanon; the lowest is -88.61 trillion current LCU in Indonesia.
The median across all reporting countries is -15.25 billion current LCU, and the mean is -1.94 trillion current LCU.
Over the past decade 50 countries rose and 100 fell. The largest increase was in Kyrgyzstan (up 33,647.3%), and the largest decrease in Turkey (down 23,852.1%).
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lebanon | 27.56 trillion current LCU | 2024 | up 562.0% | volatile |
| 2 | Iran | 18.55 trillion current LCU | 2009 | up 3,393.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Iraq | 5.53 trillion current LCU | 2019 | up 175.1% | volatile |
| 4 | Russia | 3.16 trillion current LCU | 2024 | up 533.8% | volatile |
| 5 | Mongolia | 1.46 trillion current LCU | 2024 | up 295.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Equatorial Guinea | 979.19 billion current LCU | 2022 | up 218.1% | volatile |
| 7 | Norway | 729.50 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 147.3% | volatile |
| 8 | Somalia | 510.19 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 721.8% | volatile |
| 9 | Argentina | 449.43 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 437.7% | volatile |
| 10 | Laos | 410.33 billion current LCU | 2022 | up 176.4% | volatile |
| 11 | Denmark | 122.81 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 395.3% | volatile |
| 12 | Congo | 107.42 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 90.9% | volatile |
| 13 | Kyrgyzstan | 50.62 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 33,647.3% | volatile |
| 14 | Macao | 27.87 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 73.7% | volatile |
| 15 | Singapore | 26.36 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Nicaragua | 16.84 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 2,055.1% | volatile |
| 18 | United Arab Emirates | 7.87 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 719.3% | volatile |
| 19 | Azerbaijan | 4.96 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 81.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Afghanistan | 4.57 billion current LCU | 2017 | up 153.8% | volatile |
| 21 | Switzerland | 4.20 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 94.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Belarus | 3.24 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 851.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Lesotho | 3.17 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 270.4% | volatile |
| 24 | Greece | 2.88 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 140.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Cyprus | 1.45 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 193.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Bolivia | 1.28 billion current LCU | 2007 | up 199.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Portugal | 1.19 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 108.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Vanuatu | 943.13 million current LCU | 2023 | up 635.8% | volatile |
| 30 | Seychelles | 667.11 million current LCU | 2008 | up 239.3% | volatile |
| 31 | Samoa | 125.16 million current LCU | 2023 | up 281.9% | volatile |
| 32 | Andorra | 84.33 million current LCU | 2024 | up 31.6% | volatile |
| 33 | Tonga | 73.41 million current LCU | 2023 | up 1,391.1% | volatile |
| 34 | East Timor | 50.88 million current LCU | 2022 | down 98.1% | volatile |
| 35 | Nauru | 38.74 million current LCU | 2024 | up 318.0% | volatile |
| 36 | Micronesia (country) | 25.83 million current LCU | 2020 | up 791.9% | volatile |
| 37 | Marshall Islands | 12.17 million current LCU | 2020 | up 115.1% | volatile |
| 38 | Zimbabwe | -1.01 million current LCU | 2018 | down 14,502.2% | volatile |
| 39 | San Marino | -2.94 million current LCU | 2024 | up 92.0% | volatile |
| 40 | Kiribati | -6.29 million current LCU | 2023 | down 116.0% | volatile |
| 41 | Ecuador | -7.22 million current LCU | 2022 | up 99.9% | rising |
| 42 | Palau | -24.64 million current LCU | 2020 | down 1,273.8% | volatile |
| 43 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -35.14 million current LCU | 2017 | up 23.3% | volatile |
| 44 | Saint Lucia | -46.50 million current LCU | 2017 | down 432.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Belize | -52.73 million current LCU | 2017 | down 334.9% | volatile |
| 46 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -53.70 million current LCU | 2020 | up 27.4% | volatile |
| 47 | Bahamas | -194.07 million current LCU | 2024 | up 60.2% | volatile |
| 48 | Solomon Islands | -256.41 million current LCU | 2024 | down 222.4% | volatile |
| 49 | Fiji | -299.35 million current LCU | 2024 | down 145.5% | volatile |
| 50 | Tajikistan | -379.54 million current LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 51 | Slovenia | -397.61 million current LCU | 2024 | up 75.7% | volatile |
| 52 | Kuwait | -441.00 million current LCU | 1998 | down 124.8% | volatile |
| 53 | Barbados | -471.26 million current LCU | 2016 | down 214.8% | volatile |
| 54 | Estonia | -527.80 million current LCU | 2024 | down 365.8% | volatile |
| 55 | El Salvador | -718.10 million current LCU | 2024 | down 38.9% | volatile |
| 56 | Latvia | -798.05 million current LCU | 2024 | down 158.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -804.04 million current LCU | 2024 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 59 | Lithuania | -995.90 million current LCU | 2024 | down 43.1% | volatile |
| 60 | Croatia | -1.14 billion current LCU | 2023 | up 54.2% | volatile |
| 61 | Bahrain | -1.67 billion current LCU | 2020 | down 261.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Jordan | -1.86 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 41.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Georgia | -1.99 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 183.7% | volatile |
| 64 | Bulgaria | -2.76 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 19.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Eswatini | -3.29 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 66 | Tunisia | -3.56 billion current LCU | 2012 | down 405.7% | volatile |
| 67 | Papua New Guinea | -3.93 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 9.8% | volatile |
| 68 | Bhutan | -4.58 billion current LCU | 2020 | down 424.1% | volatile |
| 69 | Netherlands | -6.89 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 47.7% | volatile |
| 70 | Slovakia | -7.06 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 190.5% | volatile |
| 71 | Panama | -7.12 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 292.7% | falling |
| 72 | Guatemala | -7.93 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 73 | Maldives | -8.19 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 196.7% | volatile |
| 74 | Finland | -9.59 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 105.5% | volatile |
| 75 | New Zealand | -10.07 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 848.2% | volatile |
| 76 | Sudan | -11.12 billion current LCU | 2016 | down 144.5% | rising |
| 77 | Botswana | -11.15 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 264.0% | volatile |
| 78 | Namibia | -11.83 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 18.5% | volatile |
| 79 | Ghana | -15.10 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 46.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Moldova | -15.25 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 772.3% | volatile |
| 81 | Belgium | -16.50 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 52.3% | volatile |
| 82 | Cape Verde | -16.52 billion current LCU | 2020 | down 46.1% | volatile |
| 83 | Trinidad and Tobago | -16.84 billion current LCU | 2019 | down 180.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Austria | -17.68 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 177.4% | volatile |
| 85 | Zambia | -21.06 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 122.8% | volatile |
| 86 | Niger | -21.29 billion current LCU | 1980 | — | volatile |
| 87 | Honduras | -26.00 billion current LCU | 2020 | down 191.2% | volatile |
| 88 | Albania | -26.12 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 40.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Peru | -28.47 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 559.8% | volatile |
| 90 | Australia | -31.49 billion current LCU | 2022 | up 33.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Canada | -36.34 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 292.0% | volatile |
| 92 | North Macedonia | -41.88 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 83.1% | volatile |
| 93 | Sweden | -43.01 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 6.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Iceland | -47.09 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 196.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Burundi | -47.83 billion current LCU | 2021 | up 41.5% | volatile |
| 96 | Spain | -50.45 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 97 | Mauritius | -56.16 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 569.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Central African Republic | -56.35 billion current LCU | 2021 | up 17.8% | volatile |
| 99 | Jamaica | -60.51 billion current LCU | 2020 | up 16.8% | volatile |
| 100 | Mozambique | -62.58 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 446.4% | volatile |
| 101 | Morocco | -64.45 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 41.1% | volatile |
| 102 | Germany | -72.74 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 456.2% | volatile |
| 103 | Italy | -75.73 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 54.7% | volatile |
| 104 | Malaysia | -80.11 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 118.9% | volatile |
| 105 | Uruguay | -103.98 billion current LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 106 | Guinea-Bissau | -106.48 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 741.5% | volatile |
| 107 | Saudi Arabia | -115.62 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 15.1% | volatile |
| 108 | France | -152.93 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 64.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Romania | -155.07 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 1,265.1% | volatile |
| 110 | Poland | -155.10 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 135.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Gabon | -159.20 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 205.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Israel | -164.05 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 541.9% | volatile |
| 113 | United Kingdom | -198.42 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 54.7% | volatile |
| 114 | Dominican Republic | -214.21 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 181.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Czechia | -222.98 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 124.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Ethiopia | -224.95 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 694.5% | volatile |
| 117 | Serbia | -228.05 billion current LCU | 2022 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 118 | Costa Rica | -252.19 billion current LCU | 2024 | up 84.1% | volatile |
| 119 | Egypt | -262.17 billion current LCU | 2015 | down 654.9% | volatile |
| 120 | Thailand | -280.86 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 148.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Nepal | -315.76 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 1,178.5% | volatile |
| 122 | South Africa | -352.78 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 148.1% | volatile |
| 123 | Togo | -367.19 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 471.5% | volatile |
| 124 | Armenia | -369.71 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 332.4% | volatile |
| 125 | Mali | -415.56 billion current LCU | 2020 | down 256.6% | volatile |
| 126 | Brazil | -670.30 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 116.0% | volatile |
| 127 | Rwanda | -680.35 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 593.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Cameroon | -686.91 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 190.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Burkina Faso | -758.19 billion current LCU | 2024 | down 533.8% | volatile |
| 130 | Senegal | -920.57 billion current LCU | 2023 | down 130.7% | falling |
| 131 | Bangladesh | -996.26 billion current LCU | 2021 | down 1,222.2% | volatile |
| 132 | Turkey | -1.32 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 23,852.1% | volatile |
| 133 | Angola | -1.35 trillion current LCU | 2024 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 134 | Ukraine | -1.36 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 1,673.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Kazakhstan | -1.37 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 177.4% | volatile |
| 136 | Kenya | -1.50 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 400.4% | falling |
| 137 | Philippines | -1.50 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 2,298.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Madagascar | -1.52 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 163.3% | volatile |
| 139 | Mexico | -1.99 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 173.9% | volatile |
| 140 | United States | -2.11 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 223.1% | volatile |
| 141 | Malawi | -2.32 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 1,764.5% | volatile |
| 142 | Sri Lanka | -2.54 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 401.9% | volatile |
| 143 | Cote d'Ivoire | -2.65 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 659.1% | volatile |
| 144 | Democratic Republic of Congo | -2.92 trillion current LCU | 2022 | down 1,856.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Hungary | -3.64 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 168.9% | volatile |
| 146 | Myanmar | -4.10 trillion current LCU | 2019 | down 599.2% | volatile |
| 147 | Tanzania | -4.85 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 111.9% | volatile |
| 148 | Cambodia | -5.79 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 245.4% | volatile |
| 149 | Paraguay | -7.23 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 1,356.6% | volatile |
| 150 | Chile | -8.66 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 274.9% | volatile |
| 151 | Uganda | -8.81 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 355.2% | volatile |
| 152 | India | -13.74 trillion current LCU | 2022 | down 267.0% | volatile |
| 153 | South Korea | -45.65 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 392.6% | volatile |
| 154 | Uzbekistan | -51.49 trillion current LCU | 2023 | down 861.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Colombia | -79.43 trillion current LCU | 2024 | down 149.9% | volatile |
| 156 | Indonesia | -88.61 trillion current LCU | 2009 | down 431.0% | volatile |
About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This series is expressed in local currency units.