Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Romania
Romania: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) was -8.8% in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Romania, 1981–2024
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2024, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Romania stood at -8.8%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 35.6% on the previous year and down 419.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Romania peaked at 8.3% in 1989 and was at its lowest, -9.0%, in 2020.
Romania ranks 146th of 156 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Romania, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 1.9% | — |
| 1982 | 3.3% | +69.2% |
| 1983 | 3.3% | +0.4% |
| 1984 | 6.5% | +99.2% |
| 1985 | 2.6% | -60.4% |
| 1986 | 4.3% | +67.2% |
| 1987 | 7.2% | +64.8% |
| 1988 | 5.9% | -17.7% |
| 1989 | 8.3% | +40.7% |
| 1990 | 0.9% | -88.7% |
| 1991 | 1.9% | +107.4% |
| 1992 | -3.4% | -275.4% |
| 1993 | 0.4% | -111.3% |
| 1994 | -2.1% | -635.0% |
| 1995 | -2.1% | +0.9% |
| 1996 | -3.7% | +76.7% |
| 1997 | -4.5% | +21.3% |
| 1998 | -3.2% | -27.8% |
| 1999 | -4.5% | +40.9% |
| 2000 | -4.9% | +7.3% |
| 2001 | -3.6% | -25.3% |
| 2002 | -1.9% | -47.0% |
| 2003 | -1.6% | -16.8% |
| 2004 | -0.9% | -44.7% |
| 2005 | -0.8% | -11.8% |
| 2006 | -2.1% | +173.9% |
| 2007 | -2.5% | +18.0% |
| 2008 | -4.4% | +74.1% |
| 2009 | -8.8% | +99.7% |
| 2010 | -7.0% | -20.3% |
| 2011 | -5.0% | -29.3% |
| 2012 | -3.4% | -32.0% |
| 2013 | -2.4% | -29.4% |
| 2014 | -1.7% | -28.7% |
| 2015 | -1.2% | -26.4% |
| 2016 | -2.7% | +116.9% |
| 2017 | -2.7% | -0.8% |
| 2018 | -2.8% | +2.8% |
| 2019 | -4.2% | +51.8% |
| 2020 | -9.0% | +114.0% |
| 2021 | -7.4% | -17.3% |
| 2022 | -6.6% | -10.8% |
| 2023 | -6.5% | -1.9% |
| 2024 | -8.8% | +35.6% |
Romania compared with similar countries
- Romania's -8.8% is below the median for high income countries, which is -1.8%, 4.9× the median. (57 countries reporting)
- Romania's -8.8% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -1.5%, 6.0× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Romania changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | -635.0% | 0.4% | -2.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 4.8% | 1.9% | 8.3% | 9 |
| 1990s | -2.0% | -4.5% | 1.9% | 10 |
| 2000s | -3.2% | -8.8% | -0.8% | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.3% | -7.0% | -1.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | -7.7% | -9.0% | -6.5% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Romania
More public sector data for Romania
- Democracy, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Chief executive of the government is elected, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Elected parliament, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Men's universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Universal right to vote in practice, annual growth rate 0 % change on previous year (2025)
- Arms imports 421.00 million SIPRI trend indicator values (2025)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per capita 14.59 SIPRI trend indicator values per person (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per unit of GDP 0.0007 SIPRI trend indicator values per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), annual growth rate -19.19 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Romania?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Romania was -8.8% in 2024, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Romania?
- The highest recorded value was 8.3% in 1989.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Romania?
- The lowest recorded value was -9.0% in 2020.
- How does Romania rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Romania ranks 146th out of 156 countries with data for 2024.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Romania?
- Over the last ten years it is down 419.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Romania data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 44 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.