Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) was -2.4% in 2018. ▬ Flat
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income, 2002–2018
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income is -2.4%, measured in 2018.
The figure is up 20.5% on the previous year and up 37.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income peaked at -0.5% in 2007 and was at its lowest, -5.1%, in 2009.
Lower middle income ranks 5th of 24 groups on this measure, in the top quarter.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | -4.4% | — |
| 2003 | -3.8% | -14.1% |
| 2004 | -2.8% | -26.1% |
| 2005 | -3.2% | +14.4% |
| 2006 | -1.7% | -47.7% |
| 2007 | -0.5% | -70.2% |
| 2008 | -3.8% | +672.0% |
| 2009 | -5.1% | +33.1% |
| 2010 | -3.2% | -38.1% |
| 2011 | -2.8% | -11.4% |
| 2012 | -3.4% | +19.9% |
| 2013 | -4.2% | +25.1% |
| 2014 | -3.9% | -6.3% |
| 2015 | -3.5% | -11.6% |
| 2016 | -2.8% | -19.8% |
| 2017 | -3.0% | +9.1% |
| 2018 | -2.4% | -20.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | -3.2% | -5.1% | -0.5% | 8 |
| 2010s | -3.2% | -4.2% | -2.4% | 9 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
- 2 Norway 13.6% compare
- 3 Equatorial Guinea 11.5% compare
- 4 Lesotho 7.2% compare
- 5 Seychelles 7.2% compare
- 6 Macao 7.0% compare
- 7 Micronesia (country) 6.9% compare
- 8 Tonga 5.3% compare
More public sector data for Lower middle income
- Arms imports 3.03 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per capita 1.04 SIPRI trend indicator values per person (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per unit of GDP 0.0004 SIPRI trend indicator values per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), annual growth rate -52.59 % change on previous year (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), gaps filled 3.03 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per capita 43.69 current USD per person (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per unit of GDP 0.0186 current USD per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), annual growth rate 4.38 % change on previous year (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), gaps filled 127.03 billion current USD (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per square kilometre 338.17 SIPRI trend indicator values per square kilometre (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Lower middle income was -2.4% in 2018, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was -0.5% in 2007.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was -5.1% in 2009.
- How does Lower middle income rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Lower middle income ranks 5th out of 24 groups with data for 2018.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 37.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.