Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020): Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was 45,721 Scientific publications in 2024. ▲ Rising
Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), 2015–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Scientific publications.
Analysis
The most recent figure for bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) is 45,721 Scientific publications, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 10 years on record.
The figure is up 2.6% on the previous year and up 25.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) peaked at 45,721 Scientific publications in 2024 and was at its lowest, 36,404 Scientific publications, in 2015.
Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), year by year
| Year | Scientific publications | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 36,404 Scientific publications | — |
| 2016 | 37,092 Scientific publications | +1.9% |
| 2017 | 37,699 Scientific publications | +1.6% |
| 2018 | 38,461 Scientific publications | +2.0% |
| 2019 | 40,200 Scientific publications | +4.5% |
| 2020 | 42,356 Scientific publications | +5.4% |
| 2021 | 45,128 Scientific publications | +6.5% |
| 2022 | 44,039 Scientific publications | -2.4% |
| 2023 | 44,570 Scientific publications | +1.2% |
| 2024 | 45,721 Scientific publications | +2.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010s | 37,971 Scientific publications | 36,404 Scientific publications | 40,200 Scientific publications | 5 |
| 2020s | 44,363 Scientific publications | 42,356 Scientific publications | 45,721 Scientific publications | 5 |
Countries ranked near European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
- 1 United States 36,544 Scientific publications compare
- 1 OECD 118,504 Scientific publications compare
- 2 United Kingdom 8,547 Scientific publications compare
- 2 China 63,005 Scientific publications compare
- 3 India 15,616 Scientific publications compare
- 3 Viet Nam 857.17 Scientific publications compare
- 4 Germany 9,839 Scientific publications compare
- 4 Netherlands 2,639 Scientific publications compare
- 5 Italy 6,756 Scientific publications compare
- 5 Türkiye 2,460 Scientific publications compare
More public sector data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
- Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators -576,516 National currency (2025)
- Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators (Revenue) 151,882 National currency (2025)
- Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators 727,012 National currency (2025)
- Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators (Revenue) 8.74 million National currency (2025)
- Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators 1.98 million National currency (2025)
- Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG) — Gross fixed 658,534 National currency (2024)
- Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG) — Gross capital 667,438 National currency (2024)
- Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG) — Compensation of 1.84 million National currency (2024)
- Subnational government expenditure 49.08 Percentage of GDP (2024)
- Subnational government revenue 45.98 Percentage of GDP (2024)
All data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- Bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) was 45,721 Scientific publications in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- The highest recorded value was 45,721 Scientific publications in 2024.
- What is the lowest bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- The lowest recorded value was 36,404 Scientific publications in 2015.
- How does European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) rank for bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs)?
- European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ranks 2nd out of 3 regions with data for 2024.
- Is bibliometric indicators, by sustainable development goals (sdgs) rising or falling in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- Over the last ten years it is up 25.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Bibliometric indicators, by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — Fractional counts of scientific publications. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
This dataset presents trends in the total number of scientific publications relevant to societal goals, as proxied by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, expressed in fractional counts, for the 2015–2024 period. Coverage includes OECD member and accession countries, key partners (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa), and other selected non-OECD economies. This is an experimental indicator, developed under the OECD’s Fundstat initiative to improve evidence on the directionality and societal relevance of research and development (R&D) activities, by linking scientific output to 17 SDGs or none. To produce this indicator, the OECD developed a probabilistic AI-assisted classification model that identifies the SDG relevance of scientific publications based on their titles and abstracts. The approach builds on insights from the OECD International Survey of Science (ISSA2021), in which researchers reported which SDG their research contributed to. Using these responses, a labelled dataset was created to fine-tune SciBERT, a large language model (LLM) pre-trained on scientific literature, enabling it to predict the probability of relevance of a given text to each of the 17 SDGs, or to none. The trained classifier is then applied to publication titles and abstracts from the Scopus Custom Data. Publication counts are fractionalised across countries and aggregated annually for comparability. For further information on the methodology, see: Aristodemou, L., et al. (2025), “Assessing the direction of R&D funding towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a new classifier and the OECD Fundstat infrastructure”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers. Source: OECD Bibliometric Indicators, calculations based on Elsevier's Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, Version 1.2026. Please cite as: OECD (2026), OECD Bibliometric indicators, OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Statistics, http://oe.cd/scientometrics, accessed on xx/xx/xxxx.