Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Central Europe and the Baltics
Central Europe and the Baltics: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) was -5.4% in 2024. ▬ Flat
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Central Europe and the Baltics, 1994–2024
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Central Europe and the Baltics is -5.4%, measured in 2024.
The figure is down 19.2% on the previous year and down 76.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Central Europe and the Baltics peaked at -0.5% in 2018 and was at its lowest, -6.9%, in 2020.
That places Central Europe and the Baltics 22nd out of 26 groups with data for 2024, putting it in the bottom quarter.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Central Europe and the Baltics, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1994 | -2.3% | — |
| 1995 | -4.3% | +84.2% |
| 1996 | -4.1% | -4.8% |
| 1997 | -3.3% | -18.7% |
| 1998 | -3.4% | +2.5% |
| 1999 | -3.2% | -5.0% |
| 2000 | -4.3% | +32.7% |
| 2001 | -4.3% | +1.6% |
| 2002 | -4.5% | +4.9% |
| 2003 | -4.4% | -4.2% |
| 2004 | -3.4% | -22.0% |
| 2005 | -2.9% | -14.5% |
| 2006 | -2.8% | -4.6% |
| 2007 | -1.8% | -33.5% |
| 2008 | -2.9% | +58.1% |
| 2009 | -6.2% | +112.7% |
| 2010 | -5.6% | -9.7% |
| 2011 | -4.3% | -23.9% |
| 2012 | -3.4% | -20.1% |
| 2013 | -3.5% | +2.2% |
| 2014 | -3.1% | -12.1% |
| 2015 | -2.1% | -32.9% |
| 2016 | -1.9% | -5.0% |
| 2017 | -1.1% | -43.9% |
| 2018 | -0.5% | -55.0% |
| 2019 | -1.0% | +97.4% |
| 2020 | -6.9% | +609.4% |
| 2021 | -4.4% | -36.4% |
| 2022 | -3.6% | -17.5% |
| 2023 | -4.5% | +25.5% |
| 2024 | -5.4% | +19.2% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) in Central Europe and the Baltics changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -609.4% | -1.0% | -6.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -3.4% | -4.3% | -2.3% | 6 |
| 2000s | -3.8% | -6.2% | -1.8% | 10 |
| 2010s | -2.6% | -5.6% | -0.5% | 10 |
| 2020s | -5.0% | -6.9% | -3.6% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Central Europe and the Baltics
More public sector data for Central Europe and the Baltics
- Arms imports 4.37 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2025)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per capita 29.09 SIPRI trend indicator values per person (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per unit of GDP 0.0012 SIPRI trend indicator values per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), annual growth rate 21.6 % change on previous year (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), gaps filled 2.91 billion SIPRI trend indicator values (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per capita 711.87 current USD per person (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), per unit of GDP 0.0289 current USD per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), annual growth rate 34.86 % change on previous year (2024)
- Military expenditure (current USD), gaps filled 71.23 billion current USD (2024)
- Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), per square kilometre 2,166 SIPRI trend indicator values per square kilometre (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Central Europe and the Baltics was -5.4% in 2024, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- The highest recorded value was -0.5% in 2018.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) recorded in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- The lowest recorded value was -6.9% in 2020.
- How does Central Europe and the Baltics rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-)?
- Central Europe and the Baltics ranks 22nd out of 26 groups with data for 2024.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) rising or falling in Central Europe and the Baltics?
- Over the last ten years it is down 76.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
- Where does this Central Europe and the Baltics data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.